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2026ICML

Learning to Discover at Test Time

Mert Yuksekgonul, Daniel Koceja, Xinhao Li et al.

What this work does

Learns during a single target problem using a tail-emphasizing entropic reward objective and state reuse that favors promising candidates while preserving exploration.

Connection to discovery

Distinguishes producing one exceptional verified artifact from maximizing average answer quality, and makes test-instance-specific policy learning explicit.

Evidence

The body states continuous evaluators, validity checks, maximum-child reuse statistics and matched-sampling best-of-N comparisons across mathematics, kernels, algorithms and analysis.

Scope and limitations

Known executable evaluators and an existing candidate language define the discovery boundary. Better best-found score on one target does not establish general discovery transfer or autonomous formulation of scientific validity criteria.

THE RESEARCH CONVERSATION

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